{"id":1456,"date":"2025-03-11T21:14:26","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T21:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/romagenocidemap.org\/?post_type=listing&#038;p=1456"},"modified":"2026-02-25T23:50:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T23:50:49","slug":"garla-mare-deportation-of-sedentary-roma-in-romania-translated","status":"publish","type":"listing","link":"https:\/\/romagenocidemap.org\/ro\/listing\/garla-mare-deportation-of-sedentary-roma-in-romania-translated\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e2rla Mare, Deportation of Sedentary Roma in Romania &#8211; Translated"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1456\" class=\"elementor elementor-1456\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc6d32a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4fc6d32a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a675b26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a675b26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"react-pdf__Page css-164\" data-page-number=\"25\">\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p125R_mc11\" class=\"markedContent\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Village Name<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\"><strong>:<\/strong> G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare (village in the commune of the same name, Mehedin\u021bi County)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p125R_mc12\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Region, Country<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\"><strong>:<\/strong> Oltenia Region, Romania<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p125R_mc13\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Deportation Date<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\"><strong>:<\/strong> September 1942<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p125R_mc14\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\">\n<p><strong><span id=\"p125R_mc14\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Excerpt from Testimony<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p><p><span id=\"p125R_mc15\" class=\"markedContent\"><b><br role=\"presentation\"><\/b><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">\u201c[\u2026] Once they arrived at Kovaliovka, [the deported Roma] were housed in the barns of a collective <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">farm. His brother (Nicolai) and his sister (M\u0103rioara) died of typhus and cholera. The bodies were <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">thrown into ditches behind the barns. The young Roma were t<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">asked with digging these ditches and <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">burying the bodies. Sometimes, they would pour gasoline on the bodies and burn them. They were<\/span><\/span><br role=\"presentation\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">occasionally given corn.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span id=\"p125R_mc16\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">The mayor also wore an armband, and the guards were ununiformed Russian civilians wearing <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">armbands. They were armed. The guards did not approach the barns too closely. They ensured that <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">no one came near the village. They shot those who attempted to do so.<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">His uncle was killed for this <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">reason with a rifle [\u2026].\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"endOfContent active\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__annotations annotationLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Romanian Archives (if available)<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/div><div class=\"react-pdf__Page__annotations annotationLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><br><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page css-164\" data-page-number=\"26\">\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">The interviewee\u2019s name appears on the deportation lists compiled by the Mehedin\u021bi Gendarmerie in <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">the summer of 1942. In the case of G\u00e2rla Mare, 181 Roma (43 families) were&nbsp; proposed for <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">deportation, including the interviewee&#8217;s family (ANI, IGJ file no.127\/<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">1942, p. 51).<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc2\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><strong><span id=\"p128R_mc2\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Historical Note on the Roma<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span id=\"p128R_mc3\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc3\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare is home to one of the largest Roma communities in&nbsp; ehedin\u021bi County. Located on the <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">left bank of the Danube, about 55 km from Drobeta Turnu<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Severin, the commune had 2,480 <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">inhabitants by the end of the<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">19th century (MDGR 1900, III: 557). By around 1930, there were 2,967<\/span><\/span><br role=\"presentation\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">inhabitants, including 182 sedentary Roma (RGP 1930, II: 278<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">279). Some of these Roma were <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">agricultural laborers working on large estates in the area, according to the interviewee.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc4\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc4\" class=\"markedContent\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Historical Note on Deportation<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc5\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc5\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">The deportation of sedentary Roma from G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare occurred in several stages. Around May 25,<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">1942, local gendarmes conducted a census in the commune and identified 214&nbsp; problematic Roma\u201d<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">(ANI, IGJ file no. 201\/1942, p. 151<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">156). Between September 8<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">12, 194<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">2, the gendarmes rounded <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">up 181 Roma from their homes in G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare and escorted them to Maglavit, then to Craiova, <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">promising them that they would be granted land. The deportation convoy stayed for two days in <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Craiova, after which the Roma were loaded into<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">freight wagons attached to the special E8 train. The&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">train left on September 12, 1942, heading to Tighina, and after a harrowing journey (many deportees <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">died from hunger in the wagons), arrived at its destination about a week later (ANI, IGJ file no. <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">126\/<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">1942: p. 109; p. 213<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">214).<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc6\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc6\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">The deportees arrived in Transnistria at the end of September 1942 and were first placed in the <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">village of Kovaliovka (Oceakov district). They were housed in barns of a collective farm and <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">subjected to forced labor, cultivating the land and receiving meage<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">r corn rations. According to the <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">testimony, hunger, typhus, and the brutality of the guards (including rapes and summary executions) <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">decimated the Roma population. A ray of hope appeared when the&nbsp; interviewee\u2019s father, a mobilized <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">soldier who had returned f<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">rom the front, began searching for the family. He found them in <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Kovaliovka, but their reunion was short<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">lived (the typhus epidemic took him less than three weeks <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">after his arrival in Transnistria).<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc7\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p128R_mc7\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Later, the interviewee\u2019s family was moved to other locations in Oceakov district, such as <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Korcinskoje and Zabrik, and forced to work in collective farms. His mother and grandparents died <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">from typhus.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"p128R_mc8\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div data-main-rotation=\"0\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\">\n<p><span id=\"p128R_mc8\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">It is noteworthy that the interviewee encountered nomadic Roma and Jews (about 400<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">500) in <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Transnistria, who tried to escape. In their desperate attempts to cross the frozen Bug River, they <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">were spotted by Ukrainian guards and killed sadistically (the guar<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">ds threw grenades to break the ice, <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">causing the deportees\u2019 deaths by drowning).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span id=\"p128R_mc9\" class=\"markedContent\"><br role=\"presentation\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Repatriation<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">occurred probably in the spring of 1944, when the deportees started walking back to <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Romania following the retreat of the Romanian<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">German troops from Transnistria. Upon their return <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">to G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare, they were forced to rebuild their destroyed homes (their ho<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">use had been destroyed, <\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">and the authorities did not offer compensation).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"endOfContent\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__annotations annotationLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">A Brief Note on an Aspect of the Roma<\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">:<\/span><\/strong><\/div><div class=\"react-pdf__Page__annotations annotationLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><strong><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><br><\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page css-164\" data-page-number=\"27\">\n<div class=\"react-pdf__Page__textContent textLayer\" data-main-rotation=\"0\"><span id=\"p130R_mc1\" class=\"markedContent\"><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Some of the Roma from G\u00e2rla<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">&#8211;<\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\"><span tabindex=\"0\">Mare are musicians (the interviewee is an accordionist).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":1099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"listing_category":[64],"event_category":[],"service_category":[],"rental_category":[],"classifieds_category":[],"listing_feature":[78,82,77],"region":[69],"class_list":["post-1456","listing","type-listing","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","listing_category-deportations","listing_feature-rail-deportation","listing_feature-romanian-perpetrator","listing_feature-sedentary-lifestyle","region-oltenita"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>G\u00e2rla Mare, Deportation of Sedentary Roma in Romania - Translated - Yahad-In Unum<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/romagenocidemap.org\/ro\/listing\/garla-mare-deportation-of-sedentary-roma-in-romania-translated\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u00e2rla Mare, Deportation of Sedentary Roma in Romania - Translated - Yahad-In Unum\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Numele satului : G\u00e2rla-Mare (sat \u00een comuna cu acela\u0219i nume, jude\u021bul Mehedin\u021bi) Regiune, \u021aar\u0103 : Regiunea Oltenia, Rom\u00e2nia Data deport\u0103rii : Septembrie 1942 Extras din m\u0103rturie: \u201e[\u2026] Odat\u0103 ajun\u0219i la Kovaliovka, [romii deporta\u021bi] au fost ad\u0103posti\u021bi \u00een hambarele unui colhoz. Fratele s\u0103u (Nicolai) \u0219i sora sa (M\u0103rioara) au murit de tifos \u0219i holer\u0103. 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